1.1.1 Case law：法官在審理案件的時候根據(jù)判決結果得到的法律規(guī)則的集合體

1.1.1.1 Common low 普通法

國家剛成立，沒有法律規(guī)則，找到當?shù)靥幚磉@些事的習慣

1.1.2 Statute law

Parliament is responsible for statute law.

Statute law is usually made in areas so complicated or unique that suitable common law alternatives are unlikely, or would take an unacceptable length of time, to develop

(判例法依賴起訴人，滯后性，不利于國家發(fā)展；案件發(fā)生了去發(fā)現(xiàn)起訴，審理形成case law)

1.2 Private law and public law

分類標準：法律規(guī)范的主體是否平等

1.3 Civil law(民法) and Criminal law(刑法)

分類標準：法律規(guī)范的內容不同

Civil law

Plaintiff/Claimant (原告)v Defendant(versus起訴)

This is the form of private law.

Civil law is used by individuals to assert their rights against other individuals, (維護一方權利)the aim being to provide compensatory remedies(補償性救濟), not punish them.

Criminal law 罪與罰

R V Defendant(Rex-king,Regina-Queen)

Prosecution(授權給檢察官 Crown prosecution service(CPS))

This is an aspect of public law.

Criminal law seeks to regulate behaviour not approved by the State,(規(guī)范國家不允許的行為)the aim being to enforce the law(執(zhí)行法律), and punish offenders. Crimes are offences committed against the law of the land.