Chapter 1 Introduction To Financial Accounting

1. Definition of financial accounting

1) Recording

2) Summarizing FS

· SOPL損益表（一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的公司業(yè)績(jī)表現(xiàn)）

· SOFP資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表（任意時(shí)點(diǎn)下的公司財(cái)務(wù)狀況）

4.Users of financial information

1) Management

了解公司所有的信息，主要是MA

2) Shareholders

關(guān)注企業(yè)dividends能力

3) Trade payables應(yīng)付賬款/suppliers-Creditor

關(guān)注企業(yè)短期償債能力（60天）

4) Trade receivables應(yīng)收賬款/customers-Debtor

關(guān)注企業(yè)持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)能力

5) Lenders金融機(jī)構(gòu)

關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期（本金），和短期（利潤(rùn)）償債能力

6) Employees

關(guān)注stability和profitability

7) Government and their agencies

關(guān)注稅務(wù)等等

8) General public

了解就職，污染環(huán)境，與自身利益有關(guān)的

5.Governance

責(zé)任人：manager

1) IFRS

2) Internal control

3) Prevention and detection of fraud

6.Contents of financial statements

1) Statement of financial position/SOFP（balance sheet）

2) Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income /SOPL

3) Statement of changes in equity /SOCIE（Only for Co.）

4) Statement of cash flows/ SOCF

5) Notes

7. The element of the financial statement

1) Assets

? Current assets

Intention turning them into cash within the next 12 months（期末往后12個(gè)月）

? Non-current assets

2) Liabilities

? Current liabilities:12個(gè)月內(nèi)要償還的

? Non-current liabilities:12個(gè)月外要償還的

3) Capital

? Drawings（由owner拿走的，并且為了personal use）